SQL 入门教程 SQL RAND() 函数

2024-02-25 开发教程 SQL 入门教程匿名 5℃

SQL RAND 函数

SQL 有一个 RAND 函数，用于产生 0 至 1 之间的随机数：

SQL>  SELECT RAND( ), RAND( ), RAND( );
    +------------------+-----------------+------------------+
    | RAND( )          | RAND( )         | RAND( )          |
    +------------------+-----------------+------------------+
    | 0.45464584925645 | 0.1824410643265 | 0.54826780459682 |
    +------------------+-----------------+------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

当以某个整数值作为参数来调用的时候，RAND() 会将该值作为随机数发生器的种子。对于每一个给定的种子，RAND() 函数都会产生一列可以复现的数字：

SQL>  SELECT RAND(1), RAND( ), RAND( );
    +------------------+------------------+------------------+
    | RAND(1 )         | RAND( )          | RAND( )          |
    +------------------+------------------+------------------+
    | 0.18109050223705 | 0.75023211143001 | 0.20788908117254 |
    +------------------+------------------+------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

你可以使用 ORDER BY RAND() 来对一组记录进行随机化排列，如下所示：

SQL> SELECT * FROM employee_tbl;
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    | id   | name | work_date  | daily_typing_pages |
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    |    1 | John | 2007-01-24 |                250 |
    |    2 | Ram  | 2007-05-27 |                220 |
    |    3 | Jack | 2007-05-06 |                170 |
    |    3 | Jack | 2007-04-06 |                100 |
    |    4 | Jill | 2007-04-06 |                220 |
    |    5 | Zara | 2007-06-06 |                300 |
    |    5 | Zara | 2007-02-06 |                350 |
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

现在，试试下面的命令：

SQL> SELECT * FROM employee_tbl ORDER BY RAND();
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    | id   | name | work_date  | daily_typing_pages |
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    |    5 | Zara | 2007-06-06 |                300 |
    |    3 | Jack | 2007-04-06 |                100 |
    |    3 | Jack | 2007-05-06 |                170 |
    |    2 | Ram  | 2007-05-27 |                220 |
    |    4 | Jill | 2007-04-06 |                220 |
    |    5 | Zara | 2007-02-06 |                350 |
    |    1 | John | 2007-01-24 |                250 |
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    SQL> SELECT * FROM employee_tbl ORDER BY RAND();
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    | id   | name | work_date  | daily_typing_pages |
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    |    5 | Zara | 2007-02-06 |                350 |
    |    2 | Ram  | 2007-05-27 |                220 |
    |    3 | Jack | 2007-04-06 |                100 |
    |    1 | John | 2007-01-24 |                250 |
    |    4 | Jill | 2007-04-06 |                220 |
    |    3 | Jack | 2007-05-06 |                170 |
    |    5 | Zara | 2007-06-06 |                300 |
    +------+------+------------+--------------------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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SQL 入门教程 SQL RAND() 函数

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