PostgreSQL 13.1 中文入门教程 PostgreSQL SQL关键词

2024-02-25 开发教程 PostgreSQL 13.1 中文入门教程匿名 0℃

表 C.1列出了在SQL标准以及PostgreSQL 13.1中作为关键词的所有记号。背景资料可以在第 4.1.1 节中找到（由于篇幅的缘故，只包括了SQL标准的最近两个版本以及用于与历史比较的SQL-92。这些版本以及其他中间标准的版本之间的差别很小）。

SQL区分保留关键词和非保留关键词。根据标准，保留关键词才是真正的关键词，它们绝不会被允许作为标识符。非关键词仅仅是在特定上下文中具有特殊的含义并且可以在其他上下文中被用作标识符。大部分非保留关键词实际上是SQL指定的内建表和内建函数的名字。非保留关键词的概念存在的意义上实际上是声明某些上下文中的一个词被附加了某种预定义的含义。

在PostgreSQL的解析器中情况更加复杂。其中有多种不同的记号分类，从那些决不能被用作标识符的加号到那些在解析器中与普通标识符比起来绝对没有特殊状态的记号（后者通常是SQL中指定的函数）。在PostgreSQL中甚至保留关键词也不是完全被保留的，而是可以被用作列标签（例如可以写SELECT 55 AS CHECK，虽然CHECK是一个保留关键词）。

在表 C.1的PostgreSQL列中，我们把解析器明确知道但允许作为列名或者表名的那些关键词分类为“非保留”。有一些关键词是非保留的，但是不能被用作函数或数据类型名称，因此它们会被标记（大部分这些词表示有特殊语法的内建函数或数据类型。这种函数或类型仍然可用，但是不能被用户重新定义）。不允许作为列名或表名的记号被打上 “保留”的标签。某些保留关键词被允许作为函数或数据类型的名字，这也显示在该表中。如果没有被那样标记，保留关键词仅被允许作为“AS”列的标签名。

作为一条一般性的规则，如果对包含所列出关键词作为标识符的命令得到了站不住脚的解析器错误，应该尝试将该标识符加上引号来看看是否能解决问题。

在学习表 C.1之前有一件重要的事情是理解一个在PostgreSQL中不被保留的关键字并不意味着与该词相关的特性没有被实现。反过来，一个关键词的存在也不表示相应特性的存在。

表 C.1. SQL Key Words

Key Word	PostgreSQL	SQL:2016	SQL:2011	SQL-92
`A`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ABORT`	non-reserved
`ABS`		reserved	reserved
`ABSENT`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ABSOLUTE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`ACCESS`	non-reserved
`ACCORDING`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ACOS`		reserved
`ACTION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`ADA`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ADD`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`ADMIN`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`AFTER`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`AGGREGATE`	non-reserved
`ALL`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ALLOCATE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`ALSO`	non-reserved
`ALTER`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ALWAYS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ANALYSE`	reserved
`ANALYZE`	reserved
`AND`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ANY`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ARE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`ARRAY`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ARRAY_AGG`		reserved	reserved
`ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY`		reserved	reserved
`AS`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ASC`	reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`ASENSITIVE`		reserved	reserved
`ASIN`		reserved
`ASSERTION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`ASSIGNMENT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ASYMMETRIC`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`AT`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ATAN`		reserved
`ATOMIC`		reserved	reserved
`ATTACH`	non-reserved
`ATTRIBUTE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ATTRIBUTES`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`AUTHORIZATION`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`AVG`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`BACKWARD`	non-reserved
`BASE64`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`BEFORE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`BEGIN`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`BEGIN_FRAME`		reserved	reserved
`BEGIN_PARTITION`		reserved	reserved
`BERNOULLI`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`BETWEEN`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`BIGINT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`BINARY`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`BIT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)			reserved
`BIT_LENGTH`				reserved
`BLOB`		reserved	reserved
`BLOCKED`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`BOM`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`BOOLEAN`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`BOTH`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`BREADTH`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`BY`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`C`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CACHE`	non-reserved
`CALL`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`CALLED`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`CARDINALITY`		reserved	reserved
`CASCADE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`CASCADED`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CASE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CAST`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CATALOG`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`CATALOG_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CEIL`		reserved	reserved
`CEILING`		reserved	reserved
`CHAIN`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CHAINING`		non-reserved
`CHAR`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CHARACTER`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CHARACTERISTICS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CHARACTERS`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`CHARACTER_LENGTH`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CHARACTER_SET_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CHAR_LENGTH`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`CHECK`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CHECKPOINT`	non-reserved
`CLASS`	non-reserved
`CLASSIFIER`		reserved
`CLASS_ORIGIN`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CLOB`		reserved	reserved
`CLOSE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CLUSTER`	non-reserved
`COALESCE`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`COBOL`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`COLLATE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`COLLATION`	reserved (can be function or type)	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`COLLATION_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`COLLATION_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`COLLATION_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`COLLECT`		reserved	reserved
`COLUMN`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`COLUMNS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`COLUMN_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`COMMAND_FUNCTION`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`COMMENT`	non-reserved
`COMMENTS`	non-reserved
`COMMIT`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`COMMITTED`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONCURRENTLY`	reserved (can be function or type)
`CONDITION`		reserved	reserved
`CONDITIONAL`		non-reserved
`CONDITION_NUMBER`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONFIGURATION`	non-reserved
`CONFLICT`	non-reserved
`CONNECT`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`CONNECTION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`CONNECTION_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONSTRAINT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CONSTRAINTS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`CONSTRAINT_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONSTRAINT_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONSTRUCTOR`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONTAINS`		reserved	reserved
`CONTENT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONTINUE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`CONTROL`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`CONVERSION`	non-reserved
`CONVERT`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`COPY`	non-reserved	reserved
`CORR`		reserved	reserved
`CORRESPONDING`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`COS`		reserved
`COSH`		reserved
`COST`	non-reserved
`COUNT`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`COVAR_POP`		reserved	reserved
`COVAR_SAMP`		reserved	reserved
`CREATE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CROSS`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CSV`	non-reserved
`CUBE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`CUME_DIST`		reserved	reserved
`CURRENT`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_CATALOG`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_DATE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP`		reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_PATH`		reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_ROLE`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_ROW`		reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_SCHEMA`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_TIME`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE`		reserved	reserved
`CURRENT_USER`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURSOR`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`CURSOR_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`CYCLE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`DATA`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`DATABASE`	non-reserved
`DATALINK`		reserved	reserved
`DATE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`DAY`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DB`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`DEALLOCATE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DEC`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DECFLOAT`		reserved
`DECIMAL`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DECLARE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DEFAULT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DEFAULTS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`DEFERRABLE`	reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`DEFERRED`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`DEFINE`		reserved
`DEFINED`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`DEFINER`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`DEGREE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`DELETE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DELIMITER`	non-reserved
`DELIMITERS`	non-reserved
`DENSE_RANK`		reserved	reserved
`DEPENDS`	non-reserved
`DEPTH`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`DEREF`		reserved	reserved
`DERIVED`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`DESC`	reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`DESCRIBE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`DESCRIPTOR`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`DETACH`	non-reserved
`DETERMINISTIC`		reserved	reserved
`DIAGNOSTICS`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`DICTIONARY`	non-reserved
`DISABLE`	non-reserved
`DISCARD`	non-reserved
`DISCONNECT`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`DISPATCH`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`DISTINCT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DLNEWCOPY`		reserved	reserved
`DLPREVIOUSCOPY`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLCOMPLETE`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLCOMPLETEONLY`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLPATH`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLPATHONLY`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLPATHWRITE`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLSCHEME`		reserved	reserved
`DLURLSERVER`		reserved	reserved
`DLVALUE`		reserved	reserved
`DO`	reserved
`DOCUMENT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`DOMAIN`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`DOUBLE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DROP`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`DYNAMIC`		reserved	reserved
`DYNAMIC_FUNCTION`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`EACH`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`ELEMENT`		reserved	reserved
`ELSE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`EMPTY`		reserved	non-reserved
`ENABLE`	non-reserved
`ENCODING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ENCRYPTED`	non-reserved
`END`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`END-EXEC`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`END_FRAME`		reserved	reserved
`END_PARTITION`		reserved	reserved
`ENFORCED`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ENUM`	non-reserved
`EQUALS`		reserved	reserved
`ERROR`		non-reserved
`ESCAPE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`EVENT`	non-reserved
`EVERY`		reserved	reserved
`EXCEPT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`EXCEPTION`				reserved
`EXCLUDE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`EXCLUDING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`EXCLUSIVE`	non-reserved
`EXEC`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`EXECUTE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`EXISTS`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`EXP`		reserved	reserved
`EXPLAIN`	non-reserved
`EXPRESSION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`EXTENSION`	non-reserved
`EXTERNAL`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`EXTRACT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FALSE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FAMILY`	non-reserved
`FETCH`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FILE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`FILTER`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`FINAL`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`FINISH`		non-reserved
`FIRST`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`FIRST_VALUE`		reserved	reserved
`FLAG`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`FLOAT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FLOOR`		reserved	reserved
`FOLLOWING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`FOR`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FORCE`	non-reserved
`FOREIGN`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FORMAT`		non-reserved
`FORTRAN`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`FORWARD`	non-reserved
`FOUND`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`FRAME_ROW`		reserved	reserved
`FREE`		reserved	reserved
`FREEZE`	reserved (can be function or type)
`FROM`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FS`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`FULFILL`		non-reserved
`FULL`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`FUNCTION`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`FUNCTIONS`	non-reserved
`FUSION`		reserved	reserved
`G`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`GENERAL`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`GENERATED`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`GET`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`GLOBAL`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`GO`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`GOTO`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`GRANT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`GRANTED`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`GREATEST`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
`GROUP`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`GROUPING`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`GROUPS`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`HANDLER`	non-reserved
`HAVING`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`HEADER`	non-reserved
`HEX`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`HIERARCHY`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`HOLD`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`HOUR`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ID`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`IDENTITY`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`IF`	non-reserved
`IGNORE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ILIKE`	reserved (can be function or type)
`IMMEDIATE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`IMMEDIATELY`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`IMMUTABLE`	non-reserved
`IMPLEMENTATION`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`IMPLICIT`	non-reserved
`IMPORT`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`IN`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INCLUDE`	non-reserved
`INCLUDING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`INCREMENT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`INDENT`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`INDEX`	non-reserved
`INDEXES`	non-reserved
`INDICATOR`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`INHERIT`	non-reserved
`INHERITS`	non-reserved
`INITIAL`		reserved
`INITIALLY`	reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`INLINE`	non-reserved
`INNER`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INOUT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`INPUT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`INSENSITIVE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INSERT`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INSTANCE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`INSTANTIABLE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`INSTEAD`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`INT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INTEGER`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INTEGRITY`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`INTERSECT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INTERSECTION`		reserved	reserved
`INTERVAL`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INTO`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`INVOKER`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`IS`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ISNULL`	reserved (can be function or type)
`ISOLATION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`JOIN`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`JSON`		non-reserved
`JSON_ARRAY`		reserved
`JSON_ARRAYAGG`		reserved
`JSON_EXISTS`		reserved
`JSON_OBJECT`		reserved
`JSON_OBJECTAGG`		reserved
`JSON_QUERY`		reserved
`JSON_TABLE`		reserved
`JSON_TABLE_PRIMITIVE`		reserved
`JSON_VALUE`		reserved
`K`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`KEEP`		non-reserved
`KEY`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`KEYS`		non-reserved
`KEY_MEMBER`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`KEY_TYPE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`LABEL`	non-reserved
`LAG`		reserved	reserved
`LANGUAGE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LARGE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`LAST`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`LAST_VALUE`		reserved	reserved
`LATERAL`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LEAD`		reserved	reserved
`LEADING`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LEAKPROOF`	non-reserved
`LEAST`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
`LEFT`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LENGTH`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`LEVEL`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`LIBRARY`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`LIKE`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LIKE_REGEX`		reserved	reserved
`LIMIT`	reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`LINK`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`LISTAGG`		reserved
`LISTEN`	non-reserved
`LN`		reserved	reserved
`LOAD`	non-reserved
`LOCAL`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LOCALTIME`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LOCALTIMESTAMP`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`LOCATION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`LOCATOR`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`LOCK`	non-reserved
`LOCKED`	non-reserved
`LOG`		reserved
`LOG10`		reserved
`LOGGED`	non-reserved
`LOWER`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`M`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`MAP`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`MAPPING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`MATCH`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`MATCHED`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`MATCHES`		reserved
`MATCH_NUMBER`		reserved
`MATCH_RECOGNIZE`		reserved
`MATERIALIZED`	non-reserved
`MAX`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`MAXVALUE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`MEASURES`		reserved
`MEMBER`		reserved	reserved
`MERGE`		reserved	reserved
`MESSAGE_LENGTH`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`MESSAGE_TEXT`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`METHOD`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`MIN`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`MINUTE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`MINVALUE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`MOD`		reserved	reserved
`MODE`	non-reserved
`MODIFIES`		reserved	reserved
`MODULE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`MONTH`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`MORE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`MOVE`	non-reserved
`MULTISET`		reserved	reserved
`MUMPS`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NAME`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NAMES`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`NAMESPACE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`NATIONAL`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`NATURAL`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`NCHAR`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`NCLOB`		reserved	reserved
`NESTED`		non-reserved
`NESTING`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`NEW`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`NEXT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`NFC`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NFD`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NFKC`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NFKD`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NIL`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`NO`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`NONE`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`NORMALIZE`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`NORMALIZED`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NOT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`NOTHING`	non-reserved
`NOTIFY`	non-reserved
`NOTNULL`	reserved (can be function or type)
`NOWAIT`	non-reserved
`NTH_VALUE`		reserved	reserved
`NTILE`		reserved	reserved
`NULL`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`NULLABLE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NULLIF`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`NULLS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NUMBER`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`NUMERIC`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`OBJECT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`OCCURRENCES_REGEX`		reserved	reserved
`OCTETS`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`OCTET_LENGTH`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`OF`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`OFF`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`OFFSET`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`OIDS`	non-reserved
`OLD`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`OMIT`		reserved
`ON`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ONE`		reserved
`ONLY`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`OPEN`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`OPERATOR`	non-reserved
`OPTION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`OPTIONS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`OR`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ORDER`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ORDERING`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ORDINALITY`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`OTHERS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`OUT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`OUTER`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`OUTPUT`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`OVER`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`OVERFLOW`		non-reserved
`OVERLAPS`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`OVERLAY`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`OVERRIDING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`OWNED`	non-reserved
`OWNER`	non-reserved
`P`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PAD`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`PARALLEL`	non-reserved
`PARAMETER`		reserved	reserved
`PARAMETER_MODE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PARAMETER_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PARSER`	non-reserved
`PARTIAL`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`PARTITION`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`PASCAL`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`PASS`		non-reserved
`PASSING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`PASSTHROUGH`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PASSWORD`	non-reserved
`PAST`		non-reserved
`PATH`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PATTERN`		reserved
`PER`		reserved
`PERCENT`		reserved	reserved
`PERCENTILE_CONT`		reserved	reserved
`PERCENTILE_DISC`		reserved	reserved
`PERCENT_RANK`		reserved	reserved
`PERIOD`		reserved	reserved
`PERMISSION`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`PERMUTE`		reserved
`PLACING`	reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`PLAN`		non-reserved
`PLANS`	non-reserved
`PLI`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`POLICY`	non-reserved
`PORTION`		reserved	reserved
`POSITION`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`POSITION_REGEX`		reserved	reserved
`POWER`		reserved	reserved
`PRECEDES`		reserved	reserved
`PRECEDING`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`PRECISION`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`PREPARE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`PREPARED`	non-reserved
`PRESERVE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`PRIMARY`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`PRIOR`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`PRIVATE`		non-reserved
`PRIVILEGES`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`PROCEDURAL`	non-reserved
`PROCEDURE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`PROCEDURES`	non-reserved
`PROGRAM`	non-reserved
`PRUNE`		non-reserved
`PTF`		reserved
`PUBLIC`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`PUBLICATION`	non-reserved
`QUOTE`	non-reserved
`QUOTES`		non-reserved
`RANGE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`RANK`		reserved	reserved
`READ`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`READS`		reserved	reserved
`REAL`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`REASSIGN`	non-reserved
`RECHECK`	non-reserved
`RECOVERY`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`RECURSIVE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`REF`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`REFERENCES`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`REFERENCING`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`REFRESH`	non-reserved
`REGR_AVGX`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_AVGY`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_COUNT`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_INTERCEPT`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_R2`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_SLOPE`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_SXX`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_SXY`		reserved	reserved
`REGR_SYY`		reserved	reserved
`REINDEX`	non-reserved
`RELATIVE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`RELEASE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`RENAME`	non-reserved
`REPEATABLE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`REPLACE`	non-reserved
`REPLICA`	non-reserved
`REQUIRING`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`RESET`	non-reserved
`RESPECT`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`RESTART`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`RESTORE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`RESTRICT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`RESULT`		reserved	reserved
`RETURN`		reserved	reserved
`RETURNED_CARDINALITY`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`RETURNED_LENGTH`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`RETURNED_SQLSTATE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`RETURNING`	reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`RETURNS`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`REVOKE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`RIGHT`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ROLE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ROLLBACK`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ROLLUP`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`ROUTINE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ROUTINES`	non-reserved
`ROUTINE_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ROUTINE_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ROUTINE_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`ROW`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`ROWS`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`ROW_COUNT`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ROW_NUMBER`		reserved	reserved
`RULE`	non-reserved
`RUNNING`		reserved
`SAVEPOINT`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`SCALAR`		non-reserved
`SCALE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SCHEMA`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`SCHEMAS`	non-reserved
`SCHEMA_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SCOPE`		reserved	reserved
`SCOPE_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SCOPE_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SCOPE_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SCROLL`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SEARCH`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`SECOND`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SECTION`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`SECURITY`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SEEK`		reserved
`SELECT`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SELECTIVE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SELF`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SENSITIVE`		reserved	reserved
`SEQUENCE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SEQUENCES`	non-reserved
`SERIALIZABLE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SERVER`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SERVER_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SESSION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`SESSION_USER`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SET`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SETOF`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
`SETS`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SHARE`	non-reserved
`SHOW`	non-reserved	reserved
`SIMILAR`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`SIMPLE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SIN`		reserved
`SINH`		reserved
`SIZE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`SKIP`	non-reserved	reserved
`SMALLINT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SNAPSHOT`	non-reserved
`SOME`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SOURCE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SPACE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`SPECIFIC`		reserved	reserved
`SPECIFICTYPE`		reserved	reserved
`SPECIFIC_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SQL`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SQLCODE`				reserved
`SQLERROR`				reserved
`SQLEXCEPTION`		reserved	reserved
`SQLSTATE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`SQLWARNING`		reserved	reserved
`SQRT`		reserved	reserved
`STABLE`	non-reserved
`STANDALONE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`START`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`STATE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`STATEMENT`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`STATIC`		reserved	reserved
`STATISTICS`	non-reserved
`STDDEV_POP`		reserved	reserved
`STDDEV_SAMP`		reserved	reserved
`STDIN`	non-reserved
`STDOUT`	non-reserved
`STORAGE`	non-reserved
`STORED`	non-reserved
`STRICT`	non-reserved
`STRING`		non-reserved
`STRIP`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`STRUCTURE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`STYLE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`SUBCLASS_ORIGIN`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`SUBMULTISET`		reserved	reserved
`SUBSCRIPTION`	non-reserved
`SUBSET`		reserved
`SUBSTRING`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SUBSTRING_REGEX`		reserved	reserved
`SUCCEEDS`		reserved	reserved
`SUM`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`SUPPORT`	non-reserved
`SYMMETRIC`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`SYSID`	non-reserved
`SYSTEM`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`SYSTEM_TIME`		reserved	reserved
`SYSTEM_USER`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`T`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TABLE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`TABLES`	non-reserved
`TABLESAMPLE`	reserved (can be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`TABLESPACE`	non-reserved
`TABLE_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`TAN`		reserved
`TANH`		reserved
`TEMP`	non-reserved
`TEMPLATE`	non-reserved
`TEMPORARY`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`TEXT`	non-reserved
`THEN`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`THROUGH`		non-reserved
`TIES`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`TIME`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`TIMESTAMP`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`TIMEZONE_HOUR`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`TIMEZONE_MINUTE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`TO`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`TOKEN`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TOP_LEVEL_COUNT`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRAILING`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`TRANSACTION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRANSACTION_ACTIVE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRANSFORM`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRANSFORMS`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRANSLATE`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`TRANSLATE_REGEX`		reserved	reserved
`TRANSLATION`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`TREAT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`TRIGGER`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`TRIGGER_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRIGGER_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRIGGER_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`TRIM`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`TRIM_ARRAY`		reserved	reserved
`TRUE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`TRUNCATE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`TRUSTED`	non-reserved
`TYPE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`TYPES`	non-reserved
`UESCAPE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`UNBOUNDED`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`UNCOMMITTED`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`UNCONDITIONAL`		non-reserved
`UNDER`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`UNENCRYPTED`	non-reserved
`UNION`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`UNIQUE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`UNKNOWN`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`UNLINK`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`UNLISTEN`	non-reserved
`UNLOGGED`	non-reserved
`UNMATCHED`		reserved
`UNNAMED`		non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`UNNEST`		reserved	reserved
`UNTIL`	non-reserved
`UNTYPED`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`UPDATE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`UPPER`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`URI`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`USAGE`		non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`USER`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`USING`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`UTF16`		non-reserved
`UTF32`		non-reserved
`UTF8`		non-reserved
`VACUUM`	non-reserved
`VALID`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`VALIDATE`	non-reserved
`VALIDATOR`	non-reserved
`VALUE`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`VALUES`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`VALUE_OF`		reserved	reserved
`VARBINARY`		reserved	reserved
`VARCHAR`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved	reserved
`VARIADIC`	reserved
`VARYING`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`VAR_POP`		reserved	reserved
`VAR_SAMP`		reserved	reserved
`VERBOSE`	reserved (can be function or type)
`VERSION`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`VERSIONING`		reserved	reserved
`VIEW`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`VIEWS`	non-reserved
`VOLATILE`	non-reserved
`WHEN`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`WHENEVER`		reserved	reserved	reserved
`WHERE`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`WHITESPACE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`WIDTH_BUCKET`		reserved	reserved
`WINDOW`	reserved	reserved	reserved
`WITH`	reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`WITHIN`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`WITHOUT`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`WORK`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`WRAPPER`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`WRITE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved
`XML`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved
`XMLAGG`		reserved	reserved
`XMLATTRIBUTES`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLBINARY`		reserved	reserved
`XMLCAST`		reserved	reserved
`XMLCOMMENT`		reserved	reserved
`XMLCONCAT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLDECLARATION`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`XMLDOCUMENT`		reserved	reserved
`XMLELEMENT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLEXISTS`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLFOREST`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLITERATE`		reserved	reserved
`XMLNAMESPACES`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLPARSE`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLPI`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLQUERY`		reserved	reserved
`XMLROOT`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
`XMLSCHEMA`		non-reserved	non-reserved
`XMLSERIALIZE`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLTABLE`	non-reserved (cannot be function or type)	reserved	reserved
`XMLTEXT`		reserved	reserved
`XMLVALIDATE`		reserved	reserved
`YEAR`	non-reserved	reserved	reserved	reserved
`YES`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved
`ZONE`	non-reserved	non-reserved	non-reserved	reserved

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