在 C# 中,结构是值类型数据结构。它使得一个单一变量可以存储各种数据类型的相关数据。struct 关键字用于创建结构。
结构是用来代表一个记录。假设您想跟踪图书馆中书的动态。您可能想跟踪每本书的以下属性:
为了定义一个结构,您必须使用 struct 语句。struct 语句为程序定义了一个带有多个成员的新的数据类型。
例如,您可以按照如下的方式声明 Book 结构:
struct Books{
public string title;
public string author;
public string subject;
public int book_id;
};
下面的程序演示了结构的用法:
using System;
struct Books{
public string title;
public string author;
public string subject;
public int book_id;
};
public class testStructure{
public static void Main(string[] args){
Books Book1; /* 声明 Book1,类型为 Book */
Books Book2; /* 声明 Book2,类型为 Book */
/* book 1 详述 */
Book1.title = "C Programming";
Book1.author = "Nuha Ali";
Book1.subject = "C Programming Tutorial";
Book1.book_id = 6495407;
/* book 2 详述 */
Book2.title = "Telecom Billing";
Book2.author = "Zara Ali";
Book2.subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial";
Book2.book_id = 6495700;
/* 打印 Book1 信息 */
Console.WriteLine( "Book 1 title : {0}", Book1.title);
Console.WriteLine("Book 1 author : {0}", Book1.author);
Console.WriteLine("Book 1 subject : {0}", Book1.subject);
Console.WriteLine("Book 1 book_id :{0}", Book1.book_id);
/* 打印 Book2 信息 */
Console.WriteLine("Book 2 title : {0}", Book2.title);
Console.WriteLine("Book 2 author : {0}", Book2.author);
Console.WriteLine("Book 2 subject : {0}", Book2.subject);
Console.WriteLine("Book 2 book_id : {0}", Book2.book_id);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Book 1 title : C Programming
Book 1 author : Nuha Ali
Book 1 subject : C Programming Tutorial
Book 1 book_id : 6495407
Book 2 title : Telecom Billing
Book 2 author : Zara Ali
Book 2 subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial
Book 2 book_id : 6495700
您已经用了一个简单的名为 Books 的结构。在 C# 中的结构与传统的 C 或 C++ 中的结构不同。C# 中的结构有以下特点:
类和结构有以下几个基本的不同点:
针对上述讨论,让我们重写前面的实例:
using System;
struct Books{
private string title;
private string author;
private string subject;
private int book_id;
public void getValues(string t, string a, string s, int id){
title = t;
author = a;
subject = s;
book_id = id;
}
public void display(){
Console.WriteLine("Title : {0}", title);
Console.WriteLine("Author : {0}", author);
Console.WriteLine("Subject : {0}", subject);
Console.WriteLine("Book_id :{0}", book_id);
}
};
public class testStructure{
public static void Main(string[] args){
Books Book1 = new Books(); /* 声明 Book1,类型为 Book */
Books Book2 = new Books(); /* 声明 Book2,类型为 Book */
/* book 1 详述 */
Book1.getValues("C Programming",
"Nuha Ali", "C Programming Tutorial",6495407);
/* book 2 详述 */
Book2.getValues("Telecom Billing",
"Zara Ali", "Telecom Billing Tutorial", 6495700);
/* 打印 Book1 信息 */
Book1.display();
/* 打印 Book2 信息 */
Book2.display();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Title : C Programming
Author : Nuha Ali
Subject : C Programming Tutorial
Book_id : 6495407
Title : Telecom Billing
Author : Zara Ali
Subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial
Book_id : 6495700