为了处理这种情况,MySQL提供了三大运算符:
关于 NULL 的条件比较运算是比较特殊的。你不能使用 = NULL 或 != NULL 在列中查找 NULL 值 。
在MySQL中,NULL值与任何其它值的比较(即使是NULL)永远返回false,即 NULL = NULL 返回false 。
MySQL中处理NULL使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL运算符。
尝试以下实例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:*******
mysql> use W3CSCHOOL;
Database changed
mysql> create table tcount_tbl
-> (
-> w3cschool_author varchar(40) NOT NULL,
-> w3cschool_count INT
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('mahran', 20);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('mahnaz', NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('Jen', NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('Gill', 20);
mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl;
+-----------------+----------------+
| w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahran | 20 |
| mahnaz | NULL |
| Jen | NULL |
| Gill | 20 |
+-----------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
以下实例中你可以看到 = 和 != 运算符是不起作用的:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE w3cschool_count = NULL;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE w3cschool_count != NULL;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl
-> WHERE w3cschool_count IS NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahnaz | NULL |
| Jen | NULL |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl
-> WHERE w3cschool_count IS NOT NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahran | 20 |
| Gill | 20 |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP脚本中你可以在 if...else 语句来处理变量是否为空,并生成相应的条件语句。
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
if( isset($w3cschool_count ))
{
$sql = 'SELECT w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count
FROM tcount_tbl
WHERE w3cschool_count = $w3cschool_count';
}
else
{
$sql = 'SELECT w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count
FROM tcount_tbl
WHERE w3cschool_count IS $w3cschool_count';
}
mysql_select_db('W3CSCHOOL');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "Author:{$row['w3cschool_author']} <br> ".
"Count: {$row['w3cschool_count']} <br> ".
"--------------------------------<br>";
}
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>